Mechanisms for Effective and Efficient Airport Cargo Export and Import Operations A Logistics Perspective Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Road- air services involve (road freight services/ RFS) connections where international air transport is connected with domestic road transport linking the hub and feeder airport. In this case, therefore, the road transport section is likened to a programmed air shipment. The consignment is transported using an airway invoice while customs clearance is carried out at the warehouse of the feeder airports’. Through this arrangement, an airfreight carrier can sell its services to airports without landing on those hubs. In the past few years, more airports that focus on cargo as their main business have developed (Johnson, and Bade, 2010). However, most of them are based in Europe especially in the United States. They include FedEx regional hubs, Ohio (Rickenbacker), and UK hub at East Midlands. Designation of an airport as a â€Å"tech stop† Originally, during an aircraft landing there were several activities such as re-fuelling, changing the crews together with receiving catering services without transferring the cargo. The airlines now select tech stops depending on their location along the vital air routes. Airports may contend for this business opportunity by charging attractively for fuels and other provisions, and ensuring their crew accommodations are in order (Croucher, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Mechanisms for Effective and Efficient Airport Cargo Export and Import Operations: A Logistics Perspective or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The airports in the United Arab Emirates were formally tech-stops for the Europe and Asia flights. It later developed to a transshipment point for flights between Asia and North America. Dakar in Senegal is currently a tech stop serving flights between North America and Southern Africa. Storage and scanning facilities The storage of the cargo is a major determinant of the efficiency and effectiveness of import and export operations. Even though air cargo do not remain in the landing field for a long, it is essential to offer storage equipments. Imports and international transshipment cargo need bonded facilities. It is also imperative to provide refrigerators for the perishable cargoes. Outbound cargo is supposed to be inspected and thus it is crucial that the airport make X-ray scanners available. As most of the air cargo is usually of low density, the largest amount of the cargo is placed on racks, if possible in large and well-aerated warehouses. The storage space must be fitted with loading docks on the landside to help in moving the goods from the trucks quickly. Offices close to the warehouses enable the airlines and consignees receive or deliver cargo and prepare necessary shipping papers, and for the clearance of the import and export cargo (Department of the Army, 1992).

What Others Say about The Yellow Wallpaper - 1572 Words

What Others Say about The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1890 and eventually published in 1892 in the New England Magazine and in William Dean Howells collection, Great Modern American Stories (Shumaker 94). The story was original not only because of its subject matter, but also because it is written in the form of a loosely connected journal. It follows the narrators private thoughts which become increasingly more confusing. The structure consists of disjointed sentences as the narrator gradually descends more and more into her madness as her only escape from an oppressive husband and society. In The Yellow Wallpaper the narrator is a young woman†¦show more content†¦There is no end to the different approaches presented in critiques of The Yellow Wallpaper. A prominent approach is to draw a parallel between the narrators illness and Gilmans own breakdown and subsequent disappointing therapy. Other critics use the story as analysis of how women function in a patriarchal society as well as in masculine psychological models. Elaine R. Hedges wrote the first critique of The Yellow Wallpaper in 1973 that brought the story back into popularity. Her critique focuses on the biographical approach. Hedges points out that this story is strong and unique compared to Gilmans other work, which she claims suffered from rushed deadlines (Hedges 105). Gilmans breakdown after the birth of her daughter and the disillusionment she felt at her lack of choices were the inspiration for The Yellow Wallpaper. Her own fathers abandonment and mothers detachment also contributed to the underlying theme of the story. Hedges points out the clipped style creates a controlled tension that underplays the narrators madness, but perhaps shows the narrator more sensible than the people who surround and cripple her (Hedges 106). The narrator may be insane but her arguments make sense. She is also fighting against a patriarchal medical system, symbolized by her husband, brother and Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, aShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pageswhen it came to rights in the eyes of the law. Also during this time, mental illnesses were not accurately researched, and since doctors weren’t fully aware of all the information about mental illnesses, patients did not always get the best treatment and were treated as freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are takenRe ad MoreThe Progressive Stages Of Postpartum Depression1392 Words   |  6 Pagesby Design â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be†(Yellow Wallpaper.) Defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Depression: a state of feeling sad. Simple, right? Dead wrong. Clinical depression is one of the leading psychological disorders in the US, affecting over 17.5 million Americans.(Washington) Amongst the many forms of depression, there is postpartum depression, a more uncommon one. Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Gilman, is a paper in which Charlotte Gilman tells a fictionalizedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman699 Words   |  3 Pageswriting and begin to write fifteen essays, poems, a novel, and short stories. She also became a role model for the feminist movement for her unusual image and behavior. In her intriguing short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, she portrays her feministic point of views. The narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is an unnamed woman. She recently had a child and is going through post-partum depression. Her and her family decided to get away for the summer and stay at a mansion. John, her husband, decides toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis872 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman The story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†   is written and told in the first person and is in the form of a journal. The story itself is told from a narrator who remains nameless, and her husband John that have come to vacation in a large house after the birth of their daughter. It seems as though john believes that this getaway would be good for our   narrator, as she has been suffering from hysterical postpartum behaviorsRead MoreTheme Of Isolation In The Yellow Wallpaper1216 Words   |  5 Pages Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, which was published in 1892, tells a compelling story about how the narrator is taken away from her own home because her husband refuses to acknowledge that she is sick and needs actual medical treatment. She gets locked up in a room in a huge mansion, which causes her to discover her true identity. Her true identity cannot be expressed fully, which causes her to take a different path of choosing an identity of being insane. Because her husbandRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1090 Words   |  5 Pagesprohibited to have a mind of their own. Charlotte Perkins Gilman the author of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper† does an exquisite job illustrating the mentality society during this time in the short story. Gillman’s notion often was that men and women did not have a different mindset. ‘’ The Yellow Wallpaper† is a tale about this women who is mentally unstable and cannot recover due to her husband’s disbelief. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Gilman uses feminist criticism through the dialogue, symbolism hidden in theRead MoreObsessions Always Have Meanings Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn the stories â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, they are similar because they both deal with the wives being obsessed with something. Also in both stories th eir husbands are concerned and want to help them with their obsessions. The wife in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is obsessed with the wallpaper on the wall and sees it as another world. She believes that there is someone stuck behind the wall and is trying to get out. Tearing down the wallRead MoreComparing the Techniques Used by the Writers to Create a Sense of Fear and Tension in The Black Cat, The Red Room and The Yellow Wallpaper950 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Techniques Used by the Writers to Create a Sense of Fear and Tension in The Black Cat, The Red Room and The Yellow Wallpaper Short stories like The Black Cat, The Red Room and The Yellow wallpaper, which were all written during the pre-1914s, were used as popular entertainment during the 19th-20th century. At that time there was no television. Today, if we wanted to be entertained by something with similar horrific content we could watch a film on TV,Read More The Power Struggle in The Yellow Wallpaper1098 Words   |  5 PagesStruggle in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚   The story The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a story about control. In the late 1800s, women were looked upon as having no effect on society other than bearing children and keeping house. It was difficult for women to express themselves in a world dominated by males. The men held the jobs, the men held the knowledge, the men held the key to the lock known as society   - or so they thought. The narrator in The Wallpaper is under thisRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1362 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is gothic psychological short story written in journal-style with first-person narrative. Other elements used in the story are symbols, irony, foreshadowing, and imagery. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper is about a woman who suffers from postpartum depression. Her husband, a physician, puts her on â€Å"rest cure of quiet and solitude.† (Wilson 278). This cure consisted of the narrator being confined

Intro of Sefam Pvt. Ltd. Free Essays

string(33) " embroidered fabric in Pakistan\." | | | | | | | | | | VISON TO BE A PREMIEM BRAND FOR PRET AS WELL AS DESIGNER WEAR LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY AND TO BE TREND SETTING MARKET LEADER BY PROVIDING TO OUR CUSTOMERS ELEGANT AND SOPHISTICATED ATTIRE WITHOUR COMPROMISING ON QUALITY. MISSION HISTORY Sefam was established in 1985 with the launch of its first brand ‘Bareeze’. Bareeze’s singular mission, and at time Sefam’s was to create beautiful, desirable fabrics equal to the best in the world, yet made in Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro of Sefam Pvt. Ltd. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prior to Bareeze’s entry into the market, amazingly, the concept of a locally made quality fashion product did not exist. All the best markets only sold and foreign fabric and foreign goods. Opening the first store in shadman market, Lahore in 1985, Bareeze sought to change this perception. The first collection sold out in a matter of days and very soon the store had garnered the image of being a store which sells quality imported fabric claiming it to be local. Soon after, another Bareeze store was opened and then another and another. Currently, Bareeze sells from and operates 57 stores nationwide and another 10 globally. Bareeze has the distinction of being the first Pakistani chain store as well as the first Pakistani brand to go abroad (Dubai in 1995). Sefam has since broadened its vision from qua lity, desireable fabrics to quality desireable clothing for all categories of consumer. Currently sefam operates 5 brands and a total of 321 points of sale 107 location to this, sefam’s brands also sell exclusively at another 10 locations worldwide. Sefams brands are: Bareeze Leisure Club Minnie Minors Chinyere Home Expressions Kayseria SERINA DYEING AND FINISHING By 1999, there was already an undeniable need for a reliable dyeing and finishing source to cater to internal processing requirements of the group. Previous experiences in the local outsourcing market had proven to be difficult with high rejection rates and unreliable delivery times. Hence Sarena was commissioned in March 2001, as a subsidiary of the Sefam Group of Industries. Since the time of inception, the factory has undergone expansion every year of its existence and now stands at 6 times its original capacity, with a heavy presence in the export market and state-of-the-art machinery. Sarena has had to work hard to make a mark in the export market. We owe our success to constant change and modernization and consistent quality. The group has invested heavily in machinery, technology and manpower to bring the process under control. Sarena boasts some of the most well-renowned brand names in textile machinery such as  Monforts, Bruckner, Babcock, Lafer, Goller, Benninger, Parex  and many more. Our dyes and chemicals are imported from only the most respected global companies such as  Dye Star, Ciba, ICI, BASF, Clariant  etc. Alongside we have spared no expense in conformance accreditations and staff training. Sarena is  ISO  and  OkoTexCertified. In addition our in-house laboratory is underway to becoming the first private laboratory in Pakistan to achieve the  ISO 17025, which signifies conformance, reliability and standardization in all our testing procedures. We believe, that in today’s world, it is important to be competitive not only on the basis of pricing, quality   and service but also in R. Accordingly we invest heavily on development in weaves, finishes and constructions, and have a fresh batch of new developments offered to our foreign clientele every month. This adds to our existing portfolio consisting of successfully tested finishes such as micro-sanding, fire-retardant,   mildew-resistance, anti-bacterial, wrinkle-resistance, pre/post cure, Teflon, soil repellency etc. We feel that it is out of all of the above, which spring from our thorough commitment to quality, that we still retain today our very first accounts. We invite you to come and share our quality experience. ALI EMBROIDERY MILLS (PVT. )LTD Hamedi Embroidery Mills (Pvt. ) Ltd. was established in 1972 to do schiffli embroidery work for the local whole-sale market that was mainly catering for the low end of the textiles segment. From the beginning, Hamedi enjoyed a good reputation for its fair dealings and commitment. With the result that it had already doubled its capacity by 1978. However, in the next two to three years the Russian invasion of Afghanistan and the Iran revolution affected the embroidery industry of Pakistan so adversely that a majority of the businesses went bankrupt, and the government was forced to declare embroidery Sick Industry of Pakistan. It was at this juncture that Hamedi changed its focus from the low end of the market and concentrated on making the best possible quality of embroidery for the premium urban consumer of Pakistan. The machines as well as the business culture were ‘overhauled’ with this new end in mind, and in 1985 Hamedi’s sister concern, Sefam (Pvt. ) Limited, launched the new high quality product from the city of Lahore. The product was well received and soon the embroidery production capacity needed enhancement. Hamedi grew rapidly by acquiring some existing embroidery facilities as well as adding machines to its original setup. It was also the first in Pakistan to import the state of the art computerized schiffli machines and designing systems from Saurer Stick Systems of Switzerland. It was then decided by the management that the the different embroidery companies be merged into one company by the name of Ali Embroidery Mills (Pvt. ) Limited. In the relentless pursuit of quality and innovation, a number of Ali Embroidery’s staff were sent to Switzerland to receive training in new designing methods, machine operating procedures, and quality control techniques. At the same time, many qualified experts from Korea and Switzerland are routinely engaged to come and do hands-on training of Ali’s technicians and designers at our premises. Consequently, Ali Embroidery Mills has the most well trained embroidery staff in Pakistan. This human resource combined with the many state of the art computerized machines, and designing and sampling systems has ensured that the quality of Ali’s product is by far the best in the country. . Today Ali has 30 schiffli machines, and is the largest manufacturer of embroidered fabric in Pakistan. You read "Intro of Sefam Pvt. Ltd." in category "Essay examples" More important than the number of machines is the fact that Ali has more goodwill than all the local competitors combined. This has been a result of Ali’s philosophy of fair dealings with everyone including suppliers, employees and clients. We believe that quality begins in-house when we decide to make a positive impact in the lives of all the different groups of people that will come in contact with our business. Along with this ideology, our focus on continuous innovation in products and procedures has made sure that we are always able to stay abreast of the competition OUR BRANDS BAREEZE With over three decades of commitment to quality, Bareeze is today, a recognized brand for quality products in the domestic and international markets. It is owned by sefam (Pvt. ) Ltd. a sister concern of Sarena Industries and Ali Embroidery Mills (Pvt) Ltd. The Bareeze range includes crisp cottons, luxurious silks, sheer organza, chic chiffons and an ever-developing range of inovative products. Textile embroidery is an art-rooted tradition. Hand-done embroidery from the sub-continent was always considered a quintessence of quality, reflecting an exclusive fashion option. Bareeze is proud to be the modern day perfection of transformi ng traditional sub-continent hand embroidery into exclusive Bareeze fashion fabrics. Each Design – a Masterpiece Taking as much pride in our products as the traditional artisan, we ensure that Bareeze fabrics are superbly fashioned, exquisitely detailed and carefully finished, so that each design is a masterpiece. Excellence – a Bareeze Hallmark The use of only the best materials and unflinching resolve not to compromise on quality, coupled with the use of the best swiss textile machinery enables us to produce embroidered fabrics which compare favorably with the best in the world. We have more than 50 outlets nationwide, and already well established setups in Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Delhi and London. Bareeze Brands There is something for everyone at all Bareeze Stores. Our resolve to excellence and decades of experience with success has enabled us to extend our product range and provide our clientele with a varied and extremely creative collection of Ready-to-Wear, Pret and Home Textile collections covering all age groups. Bareeze is a trendsetter in the mainstream fashion industry CHINYERE Chinyere is a brand synonymous with sophistication style. The Chinyere success story began in 1999 that has now evolved into the country’s most popular and accessible fashion brand. Chinyere garments are designed in-step with global fashions and in keeping with our tradition. Catering to women as well as men, today Chinyere has displays at all Bareeze outlets and is manufacturing †¢ Casual Wear †¢ Formal Wear †¢ Couture †¢ Mens Wear †¢ Sleep Wear †¢ Abayas †¢ Accessories †¢ Jewellery for the local and the international markets. MINNIE MINORS Minnie Minors is a specialty kids brand selling high-quality apparel and accessories for children under the Boys, Girls, Infants, Party Line, Toys n Tales and Accessories categories. Minnie Minor’s history begins in 1998, making it one of the oldest kids brand in its field. The appeal of the Minnie Minors is so high since its inception due to its versatile designing, high quality manufacturing, high-quality merchandise and modern retail for children ages newborn to five. Sub Brands Today Minnie Minor’s brands include Minitoes and MOM2B. Minitoes Minitoes kid’s footwear is available in a range of sandals, booties, joggers, canvas casuals, long shoes. Each season Minitoes expands its extensive collection by adding new styles and collections. These change each season and some are only available in limited edition while others may be around for seasons to come. Check out what’s new this season. From easy on-easy off designs to the low profile, lightweight outsoles. Your kids will love the look, you’ll appreciate the supportive footbed and roomy construction and you’ll both flip for the super fun patterns. MOM2B Pregnant women want to feel pretty, attractive and comfortable in clothes that fit their style, their taste and their budget. Whether you are a pregnant woman or lady in plus size, MOM2B will allow you to discover the best clothes to wear during pregnancy whatever the size of your belly! Here’s an innovative range of apparel for expectant mothers. An irresistible ariety of styles that is trendy, traditional and sophisticated all at the same time fulfilling all of mom’s social and mood requirements. For her comfort Mom2B also offers customized accessories like stretch lowers and a variety of stretch-to-comfort materials giving a natural support and lift to the tummy. . Minnie Minors Outlets Minnie Mi nors Outlets offers what our customers know and love about us: unique quality and style—at all outlets. There are 59 Minnie Minors Outlet stores open at premier locations nationwide with the international corporate existence at London, Manchester, Dubai and Norway. HOME EXPRESSIONS Bareeze started Home Expessions in 1999. A commitment. Home Expression ranges offer you the luxury of designed bed/ bath/table accessories. Our linen Range Is produced using the best quality cottons and polyester -cottons,dyed with speacil skill,to ensure color fastness. The 100% percale fabric used is among the finest in world . Bed linen range is combine with the distinctive embroidery designsand colors. Cotton range offers applique range which is of   more luxury and parint range which is of daily use . The bed spreads are hand -made and the embellishmaent is â€Å"Zardozi†work. This involves Working on pure velvets ,silks organzas ,jamawars and net with the finest material avaiable . this range offers bed spreads. dulais. cushions ,rugs ,photo albums fancy trunks  and table accessories . Upcomming attraction for the coustomer is leather range which includes cushions ,rugs ,table accessories . Choosing the right kind of bedding means you are half way there to get good night sleep. you will find bed linen in a color and quality you love . KAYSERIA After bringing a revolution in embroidery, Sefam Pvt. Ltd. now launches another brand Kayseria – Magic in print. Welcome to the unique world of Kayseria, where every design is a masterpiece. Kayseria brings you a very special selection of pure silks and cottons in form of exclusive prints, complemented by beautiful and intricate embroideries and embellishments, to create a stunning array of fabrics, colour and designs. The designs crafted at Kayseria are trendy yet traditional, encompassing the richness of our ethnicity and culture. If you want to pamper yourself, indulge in someone you love, or just feel special, take yourself to nearest Kayseria store. Kayseria gives you real designer clothes at affordable prices. LEISURE CLUB â€Å"Once upon a time, in a land of 180 million people, where locally made high quality, trendy clothing was not available, a compassionate and quality obsessed brand by the name of Leisure Club stepped forward to fill in the void. And so, on April 18th, 1997, hardcoded with the values of compassion, quality, integrity, and ingenuity, Leisure embarked on its mission. After 14 years of unparalleled excellence, Leisure Club has evolved into Pakistan’s no. 1 family fashion destination, featuring 3 premium sub-brands: Club X, LC Boutique, and LC Kids. Club X provides trendy urban street wear for young adults, LC boutique offers elegant eastern wear for the entire family, and LC Kids gives cool clothing options for kids†. MOM2B Here’s an innovative range of apparel for expectant mothers. An irresistable variety of styles that are trendy, traditional and sophisticated all at the same time fulfilling all of mom’s social and mood requirements. For her comfort Mom2B also offers customised accessories like stretch lowers and a variety of stretch-to-comfort materials giving a natuaral support and lift to the tummy. Casual Wear Extra Support Accessories CAREER ARTICLE AND ADVICES Life at Sefam: We are an Equal Opportunity Employer and provide employment to everyone regardless of their colour, race gender. We believe our employees as our greatest asset and do not compromise on the potential and standard of our workforce. Our Philosophy: Continuous Learning Maintain High Standards Creativity and Innovative We are growing continuously and ensure our employees to share our growth with us and generate new quality standards for our competitors to reach. What we look for: While hiring, we look for dedicated and enthusiastic individuals who are creative and are ready to take initiative. What make our company the best employer is the healthy environment which we provide by allowing the staff to experiment and touch the new horizons. Career Development: Continuous development is our philosophy and we believe that every employee needs some kind of training or guidance to perform better. For this purpose we arrange annual and bi annual training programs in order to groom our work force. We also sponsor small courses for employees learning. How to Apply: To apply follow the steps given below: Look for the opportunity of your interest in the current vacancy List by clicking Current Openings Tab. Click   Details to view the job description. Click Apply for the application Form. If you don’t see an opportunity of your interest, click on the Apply Online Tab. Fill the Online Form and after completing it click Submit Hardwork Has No Substitute But It Should Be Focused And Followed By Tolerance, Forbearance And Fortitude, Highlights Ms. Neegam Qayyum, Executive HR, Sefam (Pvt) Ltd. Q. 1. What makes your company an attractive employer for the job seekers? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  Despite of the fact that the current market situation for employment is not very favorable, even in such conditions, Sefam (Pvt) Ltd continuous to grow and hire new staff. Sefam (Pvt) Ltd is a growing organization which has one of the largest retail chain networks nationwide. We have a diversified workforce working at all levels. We experience low turnover rate and the best thing is the location of our head office which is in the centre of Lahore and proves to be convenient for the employees. Q. 2. What is your strategy on work-life balance and how do you achieve this balance yourself? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  Sefam provides a very comfortable environment which helps our employees to balance their personal and professional life. Facilities like leaves, short leaves and time policy helps us to manage our work-life balance. We have relaxed and helpful environment which keeps employees motivated and enables them to manage their regular activities. In my views, the best way of achieving balance between professional and personal life is to prioritize the tasks according to their importance in our lives. Just set up your priorities and I am sure that there are very less chances of being left behind. Q. 3. Do you believe that Pakistani universities are creating an effective talent pool and what is your company’s strategy to attract the best talent in Pakistan? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  We can not say that our universities are not producing talents but there is lot more which needs to be done. Most of the graduates, after passing out of the universities, are not aware of their own skills and abilities due to which the candidates get confused in choosing an appropriate career. The lack of exposure of practical life which creates a greater challenge to find a job in such a competitive environment is another area to be taken good care of. The institutions need to bring out the confidence and help the graduate’s identity their skills and talent. They should be given the appropriate exposure of the market which will set them out to find an appropriate career. Career Counseling should be provided to all students on individual basis. Q. 4. Due to rough economic situation and soaring price rise, how does your company deal with keeping itself cost effective and attractive for job seekers? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  The economic situation has been very rough from the last couple of years and has affected every enterprise. However, even in such conditions Sefam has never stopped hiring and hasn’t gone for any sort of layoffs as yet. Sefam’s continuous growth has kept the spirits high. Sefam does not compromise on quality of our staff and products. We are working on more effective recruitment ways to keep our hiring costs low and retain our valuable employees. Q. 5. What are, in your views, the basic principles of success in a professional life? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  I believe in: â€Å"Work , Work and Work† as said by our Quaid. Hard work has no substitute but it should be focused and followed by tolerance, forbearance and fortitude. Be open to learn new lessons, even if they contradict the lessons you learned yesterday†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Ellen De Generes Q. 6. How would you rate the success and importance of  online recruitment  firms such as ROZEE. PK? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  Online recruitment firms have made recruitment a lot easier, reliable and cost effective. However, it still needs to flourish and create maximum awareness in Pakistan. As the economic conditions get stable and new opportunities hit the market, online recruitment will be the most reliable one. ROZEE. PK has definitely made a mark in Pakistani job market and it has set up the trend of online recruitment in Pakistan. Q. 7. How has ROZEE. PK helped your firm regarding recruitment i. e. Have you tried any recruitment tools provided by ROZEE. PK e. g. Job Fairs/Job Postings/CV Search? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  We have been using various tools provided by ROZEE. PK and have also participated in their different Job Fairs. It has been very useful and effective in certain areas. It not only provides us with a good pool of candidates but also markets our company’s actual name in the market (We are known by the name of Bareez’e which is one of our famous brands). ROZEE. PK has always been helpful to make a pool of candidates which makes it easy to select best out of them Q. 8. What is the scope of Human Resource Management in Pakistan? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  As far as my limited experience is concerned, I believe that human resource is the ‘humane’ part of organization. It is the only department which is sensitive to life, emotions, and feelings. HRM still has a long way to go in Pakistan. I am sure that time will come when every firm and institution will invest in such a department. The future of HR is bright along with a tough competition among candidates. Q. 9. Tell us about your educational life? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  I earned my bachelor’s degree from Kinnard College in sciences and started working with The City School. Later on I realized that I need to develop myself and the career which suited my skills and abilities was, as me and my Mentor came up with , was HRM. After completing my Masters Degree in HRM from Punjab University, I worked wih Strategic Systems International for some time and later joined Sefam (Pvt) Ltd. I focused on creating and bringing new ideas to life. I have been lucky enough that Sefam provided me the opportunity to start things from scratch enabling me to learn the practical ways of the field. I have been an average student and always worked on expressing things in my own definitions rather than learning by rote. I always used to read, understand, and express in my own words. Even in examinations I hardly used extra sheets. My focus has always been on practical part of the studies. Q. 10. What is your formula of success in life? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  I don’t believe there can be a formula for success but what has always worked for me is prioritizing things both, personal and professional, followed by hardwork, persistence and the utmost important blessings, of Almighty Allah. Q. 11. What are the biggest turn-offs in an interview of a job applicant? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  The biggest turn-offs of a job applicant as I have experience are: †¢ The candidates who are not sure of the area they want to work in †¢ Candidates who ask the salary package first rather than position and job description. †¢ Candidates who are not confident in their mother language and to overcome their deficiency they keep on speaking incorrect English language. Q. 12. What do you look for in a candidate during a hiring interview session? Name 4 key things? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  The key factors I look for in a candidate are: †¢ Loyalty factor †¢ Optimistic approach towards career †¢ Relevant qualification and experience for passion to contribute Q. 13. Any good advice you want to give for the job seekers who want to enter and/ or prosper in the professional field? Ms. Neegam Qayyum:  I would rather suggest that job seekers should be aware of their inborn talent and creative skills before entering the Field and find a job matching their interest and set of skills. So that when they enter the practical life they sharpen up their skills rather than getting confused about their own abilities. How to cite Intro of Sefam Pvt. Ltd., Essay examples

Research Proposal Statistics and Business Research Method

Question: Write a research proposal to identifying issues faced by Dominos Australia in managing reward and recognition system for retaining employee motivation. Answer: Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Introduction The focus of managers of every organization is to get things done by the employees, that needs high level of employee motivation in the workplace. However, employee motivation is not so easy task because the managers has to identify the specific needs of the employees and fulfill their needs in order to motivate them. Employee motivation is the high level of energy, enthusiasm, creativity and commitment of the employee, which they bring to their job role (Graves, Sarkis and Zhu 2013). Furthermore, the motivational level of the employee is only instigated when the realize their interest are actually fulfilled by the employers. In this context, the concept of reward and recognition arises that are considered to be some of the motivational tools. Reward and recognition mean total return offered by the employer to their employees upon the contribution to the organizational goals. It contributes to the strategy of the organization towards shaping the behavior of the employees. The organiz ation that is chosen for this research proposal is Dominos Australia, which is a renowned pizza chain operating in Australia (Dominos.com.au 2016). In this research proposal, the researcher will apparently describe the issues regarding the reward and recognition management of Dominos Australia that is hampering the employee motivation level. 1.1 Problem Statement Dominos Australia, which is the largest America based pizza chain, also operates in international basis including Australia. Though the organization offers best quality pizzas to the customers, it has been found that the attrition rate of employees in this organization is increasing day by day (Lazaroiu 2015). The reason behind this attrition rate is that the organization is not able to properly offer reward and recognition to the employees as per their contribution rate to the organizational success. It can also be found that the organization is only concerned about the earning profit and not about employee values (Bradleret al. 2013). Apart from that, it can also been found that the management of the organization is organization is only providing monetary benefit to the employee and not providing any kind of praise and recognition to the employees. Thus, employee motivation level is diminishing by reducing their productivity level. 1. 2 Research Objectives and Questions 1.2.1 Research Aim This research proposal is aimed at identifying issues faced by Dominos Australia in managing reward and recognition system for retaining employee motivation. This research proposal will also examine the strategy applied in reward and recognition management system. Furthermore, the aim of the research proposal is to provide effective solution to the organization in improving the employee motivation. 1.2.2 Research Objective To identify the impact of reward and recognition on the motivation of employees To examine the reward and recognition strategies adopted by Dominos Australia To identify the issues faced by Dominos Australia in motivating employees To provide proper solution in improving reward and recognition system of Dominos Australia 1.2.3 Research Question What is the impact of reward and recognition on the motivation of employees? What are the reward and recognition strategies adopted by Dominos Australia? What are the issues faced by Dominos Australia in motivating employees? What kind of reward and recognition strategies should Dominos Australia adopt in improving employee motivation? Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Concept of Reward and Recognition Reward and recognition management is the way adopted by organization to form and implement the strategies to reward the employees as per their contribution to the organizational success. The rationality of reward and recognition can be seen in valuing the employees for their performance. Rewards are the monetary benefit offered to the employees that are tangible in nature. According to Hofmans,De Gieter and Pepermans(2013), performance based rewards are typified as incentives, bonus, merit pay and commission that values the contribution of the employees towards the organizational success. On the other hand,Yidong and Xinxin(2013) opined that recognition is non-monetary in nature and it is provided to the employees for their psychological benefit. Many of the employee in todays modern age, are only motivated through recognition from the high level management in terms of empowerment and participation in the decision making process as well as praise from their leaders. It has been found that Coca Cola Amatil of Australia use give reward to their employees through profit sharing and thus, the employees are extremely motivated towards the organizational goal (Aguinis, Joo and Gottfredson 2013). On the other hand, Dick Smith Food of Australia allows their employees in decision making process as recognition process that creates a sense of value within the employees (Cho and Perry 2012). 2.2 Concept of employee motivation Employee motivation is the concept of fulfilling the needs and demand of the employees and treating them positively through providing values. According to Anithas(2014), motivation of employees begins with recognizing the employees for their achievement and providing pleasant working condition that meet their basic emotional and monetary interest. On the other hand, Paillet al. (2014) opined that employees are motivated in their workplace either by getting paycheck from the organization or by engaging themselves in such a jog role that makes them to be proud. According to Grandey, Chi and Diamond(2013), employee motivation often depends on the action of management and leader that empowers the employees and enhance their motivation level. It has been found that Lion Food Organization of Australia practice participative leadership and delegate authority to the employee that enhances their sense of value. On the other hand, Cho and Perry(2012) opined that employees are motivated when th ey know that their hard work will be valued by the management of the organization and thus, they will financially reward the employees on high level of achievement. It has been found that Darrell Lea Organization of Australia provides incentive to their employee in exchange of high level of achievement that motivates their employees through proving their worth (Hofmans,De Gieter and Pepermans 2013). 2.3 Motivational Theory 2.3.1 Herzberg Theory of employee motivation According to Malik and Naeem(2013), Herzberg theory of motivation determines all the factors that are related to the motivational level of the employees. On the other hand, Yidong and Xinxin(2013) opined that this theory determines the factors that actually prevent dissatisfaction of the employees as well as the factors that actually motivates the employees. The factors that prevents employee dissatisfaction are called hygiene factors. On the other hand, the factors that promotes the motivation level of the employees are called motivators. According to Lazaroiu(2015), hygiene factors are related to competitive pay, company policy, working condition and leadership style of the organization. On the other hand, Bradleret al. (2013) opined that motivators are related to recognition, responsibility, promotional opportunity and challenging work. It has been found that the employees of Coca Cola Amatil are quite happy with the competitive pay and flexible working condition of the organizati on that also increase their productivity level (Aguinis, Joo and Gottfredson 2013). On the other hand, it has been notified that Lion Food Organization provide internal promotional opportunity to the employee through providing challenging work to them. It has proven the worth of the employees in the organization (Anitha 2014). Figure 1: Herzberg Theory of Motivation (Source: Malik and Naeem 2013) 2.4 Relationship of reward and recognition with employee motivation Employees are motivated towards high level of production and efficiency, when they realize their contribution to the organization success are actually valued by the employers. Organizational managers are concerned about fulfilling the deep needs of the employees towards motivating them.According to Grandey, Chi and Diamond(2013), proper reward from management as per the contribution of the employees drives the need of acquiring something. On the other hand, Graves, Sarkis and Zhu(2013) pointed out that the drive of the employee regarding bond is best met through providing openness and collaboration in the workplace that encourage the employees for efficiently work in the workplace. According to the previous researcher, it has been found that employees who are challenging in nature are motivated through providing challenging work that meets the comprehend needs. Lazaroiu(2015) suggested that transparent and trustworthy performance management process by the management drive the needs o f defend to be met that motivates the employees. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.0 Research Philosophy According to Robson and McCartan (2016), research philosophy is technically the research procedures, which helps the researcher in collecting data and construct analysis. There are three different kinds of research philosophy, which are positivism research philosophy, realism research philosophy and Interpretivism research philosophy. Mackey and Gass (2015) pointed out that out of all research philosophies, positivism research philosophy helps in gathering factual data, which indicates that the most authentic outcome will be generated. Therefore, in this research positivism research philosophy will be used. 3.1 Research Approach Research approach depends upon the types of variables that are used in the research. For this particular research, reward and recognition are the independent variables and employee motivation is the dependant variable. Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) pointed out that inductive research approach and deductive research approach are the most common approaches, among which the earlier sets up theories and models at the end and the later approach is based on models and approach evaluation to determine recommendation. This research will use deductive research approach as concepts, theories, models will be evaluated in literature review section, and recommendations will be formed at the end. 3.2 Research Strategy Appropriate research strategy helps in gathering the most relevant data for accomplishing the research. The most relevant strategies are focus group, case study, interview and survey. Focus group and case study are used mostly in secondary data collection method, as the most authentic and relevant cases from secondary sources are collected. On the other hand, Flick (2015) pointed out that interview and survey strategy is most suitable for primary data collection, as direct response from sample size is collected. This research will therefore be based on interview and survey research strategy as direct response will be collected. 3.3 Data Collection For a research, the most common data collection techniques are primary data collection and secondary data collection. In secondary data collection technique, the researcher collects data from case studies and relevant secondary sources, which are mostly historical data (Neuman and Robson 2012). In primary data collection technique, direct response from sample size is collected and through calculation, research outcome is generated (Billig and Waterman 2014). Moreover, in primary data collection technique, qualitative and quantitative procedures are selected. This research will be based on primary data collection technique and for qualitative data collection, three managers of Dominos Australia will be selected and for quantitative data collection, 50 employees will be selected. 3.4 Sample Selection The widely used sample selection technique is random sampling, as unbiased data is collected through primary data collection technique (Gast and Ledford 2014). In this research as well, random data sampling technique will be used and any employee of Dominos Australia will be selected. For qualitative data collection, three managers of Dominos Australia will be selected randomly and for quantitative data collection, 50 employees will be selected. 3.5 Data Analysis The data collected from primary data collection technique will be analyzed through statistical technique. For this, Likert 5-point Scale analysis will be used in questionnaire form and from there mean, median, mode and standard deviation will be calculated. Mean will determine the average response, median will determine scope of improvement, and mode will determine maximum response and standard deviation will determine risk pertaining to the organization. 3.6 Ethical Consideration This research will be based on primary data collection and therefore, the researcher will take permission from the respondents prior to data collection. The respondents will be allowed to quit at any time and none of them will be forced or harmed. The research outcome will not be utilized for commercial purposes and it will be under compliance of data protection act. 3.8 Gantt chart Figure 2: Gantt chart (Source: Created by Author) 4.0 Expected outcome While accomplishing the research proposal, it can be assumed that the relevancy of the research topic will be justified. From the literature review, it has been identified that proper reward and recognition system has greater impact on the motivational level of the employees, as it creates a sense of value on the mind of the employees. Therefore, it is expected that proper rewards and recognition system will enhance the motivational level of Dominos Australia. However, the response from that respondent can be biased therefore, proper recommendation will be offered to Dominos Australia regarding the motivational tools. 5.0 Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that though Dominos Australia is able enough to provide quality pizzas to their customers, it is notable to make their employees satisfied enough due to improper reward management system. The study suggested that employees are motivated in their workplace while they have sense that their contribution in the organizational success are actually valued. Therefore, therefore, Dominos Australia should adopt appropriate reward and recognition system that will enhance the worth of the employee in the workplace so that they become motivated towards their job role. Reference List Aguinis, H., Joo, H. and Gottfredson, R.K., 2013. What monetary rewards can and cannot do: How to show employees the money.Business Horizons,56(2), pp.241-249. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Billig, S.H. and Waterman, A.S. eds., 2014.Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge. Bradler, C., Dur, R., Neckermann, S. and Non, A., 2013. Employee recognition and performance: A field experiment.ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, (13-017). Cho, Y.J. and Perry, J.L., 2012. Intrinsic motivation and employee attitudes role of managerial trustworthiness, goal directedness, and extrinsic reward expectancy.Review of Public Personnel Administration,32(4), pp.382-406. Dominos.com.au. (2016). Domino's Pizza - Order Online for Pizza Delivery Takeaway. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R., 2014.Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Grandey, A.A., Chi, N.W. and Diamond, J.A., 2013. Show me the money! Do financial rewards for performance enhance or undermine the satisfaction from emotional labor?.Personnel Psychology,66(3), pp.569-612. Graves, L.M., Sarkis, J. and Zhu, Q., 2013. How transformational leadership and employee motivation combine to predict employee proenvironmental behaviors in China.Journal of Environmental Psychology,35, pp.81-91. Hofmans, J., De Gieter, S. and Pepermans, R., 2013. Individual differences in the relationship between satisfaction with job rewards and job satisfaction.Journal of vocational behavior,82(1), pp.1-9. Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations,14, p.97. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Malik, M.E. and Naeem, B., 2013. Towards understanding controversy on Herzberg theory of motivation.World Applied Sciences Journal,24(8), pp.1031-1036. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016.Real world research. Wiley. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455.

Well Point Company Internal analysis

Friends was the best tv show essays

Friends was the best tv show essays A decade ago, America was introduced to 6 friends: adorable Rachel, lovelorn Ross, ditsy Phoebe, confused Joey, uptight Monica and sarcastic Chandler. Record paydays, ratings jubilance and Emmy golds no wonder Friends is the number one comedy, but sadly is coming to an end. For ten years in a row, over 30 million North American viewers tune into NBC every Thursday night to catch up with the lives of their favourite friends making Friends the number one primetime series. But before ratings soared off the charts, this consecutively unbeaten sitcom had become one the most successful shows ever. As an added bonus, the theme song Ill be here for you was already a No. I radio hit, giving Friends a jump start to their ratings. Friends has helped NBC climb and claim the number one position for numerous years over all other television networks on Thursday nights. NBC Studios has maintained an astounding 46% lead in viewers for Friends over CBSs Survivor at 8:00. Friends successfulness is the main reason why it and its cast have accumulated so many awards over their ten years running. Alone, the number of Emmy, Golden Globe, Peoples Choice and Screen Actors Guild Awards are enough to cover all the coffee tables at Central Perk. Not to mention countless other awards such as best directing, best scripted comedy, funniest guest appearance, technical direction, best music, countless teen choice awards and the list goes on... Of course, behind every great show there has to be a big pile of cash and Friends is no different. Financing is a major part in the production of Friends where each actor has been making $1 million per episode for the past season! So thats $24 million each, per season just for the main cast. Not to mention wages for the guest stars! But Friends doesnt give out this kind of money without receiving some. Lately, commercials are a major so ...

2012 Budget Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

2012 Budget Proposal - Research Paper Example Such cut-and-invest agenda would create winners and big losers because the President’s budget proposal presumes using the money from some domestic programs to reduce the deficits and increase spending for education, clean energy, infrastructure, innovation and research in order to promote long-term economic growth and global competitiveness of the United States. Definitely, there are certain differences between the Presidents FY 2012 budget proposal and The House of Representatives FY 2012 budget proposal, which will be discussed further in the current paper. President Obama emphasized that the administration needs to construct a new foundation for long-term economic growth with pillars necessary to win in the world economy. Such pillars include an educated and skilled workforce, cutting-edge research into the innovations to power the industries of tomorrow, a modern infrastructure to support a growing, high-tech economy, and the jobs to support a growing middle class. As a re sult, Americans now face a monumental choice about the future of their country. The Republican response toward the President’s call for economic changes came in April, when Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin announced 2012 budget of his party. The main three purposes of The House of Representatives FY 2012 budget proposal is to (a) lift the crushing burden of debt; (b) guarantee health and retirement security for all Americans, especially seniors; and (c) strengthen the base of economic growth and creation of the jobs (Becker, 2011). Paul Ryan informed that the plan would reduce the deficit by $5.8 trillion over the next decade. It can be accomplished due to deep cuts in discretionary spending programs and turning Medicare into a "defined benefit, under which seniors would get vouchers to purchase private insurance. Medicaid would get smaller as the federal contribution to state

Principles of Time and Stress Management Assignment

Principles of Time and Stress Management - Assignment Example Based on the facts presented in the case, there is no evidence linking organization in which Chet works, Norris Company to his level of stress. Norris Company has a perfect structure with effective reporting chain hence providing every employee with room for growth and development. Every employee knows clearly his/her supervisor in addition to roles and responsibilities. Therefore, Chet’s level of stress is unrelated to the organizational (structural) problems of Norris Company. Instead, such stress level is his making. Some of the personal characteristics that are likely to interfere with Chet’s productivity and contribute to his level of stress include emotional intelligence, cognitive style, personal values, orientation towards change, and core self-evaluation. Chet does not seem to be in a perfect mood and sense in managing himself as well as a relationship with others. The lack or insufficiency of emotional intelligence is seen on how he casually relates to people within the firm. He is of very little concern. No wonder, when he was asked to go through the project he has done very little on the same. In addition, his personal values and cognitive style may cause the decrease in productivity whilst increasing the level of stress. Actually, Chet does not seem to be having the zeal of gathering and processing information, especially on assigned tasks. In any case, Chet’s orientation towards change is not very clear within the case. Therefore, these are personal characteristics with a possibility of affecting productivity and level of stress that Chet is currently experiencing.

Journal Review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal Review - Article Example The identification of these profiles are said to help career counselors in assisting their clients in developing career plans The population consisted of lawyers and computer field men. The samples consisted of 213 workers aged 20-50 years in the computer software and hardware field, specifically 126 men and 87 women. They were from five computer companies and four private law firms in the Tel Aviv area. The vast majority were said to report that they belonged to the upper- middle socioeconomic class. The researchers used cluster analysis and had identified three groups of individuals who differed systematically on attributions of relative importance to work and family roles. The report, however, did not mention about the exact sample size taken from what could have been the population; neither was the response rate reported. The findings reported were that there are three distinct groups of participants who differ systematically in their attributions of importance to work and to family roles and in their significant family- and work-related variables. The research also said that incompatible pressures from the work and family domains have predictably different influences on diverse groups of people characterized by the importance they attribute to life roles. Ad... Additional findings point out that support from the spouse and support from the manager was associated with positive influences between the domains. Differences in attribution to work or family were also related to variation in work and family variables such as hours invested in paid work and the receipt of spousal support. The researchers also said that the research demonstrated that the level of W3F (Work, Work, Work, Family) conflict is higher than the level of F3W (Family, Family, Family, Work) conflict even among dual profile members. The research said that apparently the family domain is more susceptible to interference from work than is the work domain from the family. Do the sampling procedures used justify the findings of the study The findings may boast of having used the most sophisticated forms of analysis, but the sampling procedures have to equal such meticulous care. As earlier mentioned, the report did not mention the exact population size; therefore there is no way to size up the sample and the response rate. On account of this, it is now moot to be debating with the findings and how they were presented. Even then, the study analyzed the responses of married persons only, but it was not explained why. In fact, it had eliminated 29 questionnaires due to respondents' non-married status. What is true, however, is that there are married persons who can be said to enjoy lesser stress because of support in their home functions, while there are singles who are heavily bound with home chores. Clearly, civil status is not an adequate measure for presence or absence of possible stress, hence, the study should have explained its preference for married people. It is possible to be non-married and yet be a parent. Utilized by the

Relationship Between Law And Ethics In Islam

Relationship Between Law And Ethics In Islam I would like to start my analysis by posing a few questions about this relationship to stimulate our thoughts. Are law and ethics identical or non-identical in Islam? Are ethics derived from law or is this relationship vice versa? Are they both derived from the same sources? If yes, then are they separate or do they supplement each other? What I found after my analysis is that law and ethics in Islam are complementary. They come from the same sources and they serve to complete each other like a body and its soul. The main source of law and ethics in Islam is Allahs (s.w.t) will in the Quran, the exemplary life of the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.), analogical reasoning and consensus. To analyze in depth the relationship between ethics and law in Islam, we should analyze the Fiqh and Sharia, in light of their connection with both ethics and law. Firstly, Fiqh relates the religious conduct with both law and the human moral life by stating that the human conduct should be understood through Quran and Hadith and then formulating moral and legal norms according to that. These norms, that have two joint components, the moral and the legal one, unite together to make what we call a Hukm in Islam. In this sense, the jurists and judges in Islam judge actions through Hukm which is basically based on morality and legislation. In other words, Quran places the acts in its proper moral context and informs the scholars about its Hukm. Hadith is the second source of law in Fiqh, and it represents the exemplary life of the Prophet, a life that has been lived in accordance with the best morals. From the exemplary moral acts and sayings of the prophet, a bunch of Islamic laws have been formulated. Secondly, when we hear the word Sharia, the first thing that comes to our mind is a bundle of rules and authoritative commandments combined together to make the law of God. However, when we deepen our study and sight into Sharia, we find that Sharia is not only a law, but it is a moral way that we should adopt in order to lead the ethical life. In addition, both civil and criminal justice, as well as the regulation of individual conduct (personal and moral), come under the rubric of Sharia. Thus it is evident that Sharia is a law and a code of ethics at the same time, and either of these individual components does not have any value on its own. Hence, law and ethics are extensively intertwined, compatible and complimentary i n Fiqh and Sharia. Historically, one of the most important questions in law and in ethics is what ought to or not to be done. The answers for this question would compose the largest part of ethics and law. The answers are also what comprise obligation in Islam. Let us analyze this obligation in the light of ethics and law in Islam. In order to determine the obligation, an employing of rules or law is needed. The duties in Islam in accordance to these rules are widely presented through the fivefold theory, which classifies acts in moral and legal way. In Islam obligation in morality and obligation in law come from the same grounds (Quran and Hadith) and they overlap in their requirements. According to the fivefold theory, some obligations derive their force from the laws (the required and forbidden categories) and others derive from an attractive ideal of human nature and virtue (the recommended and discouraged categories). In other word, the fivefold theory makes a blend of law and ethics and uses it t o judge the human act. Suppose, if we were to remove the recommended and discouraged acts or the required and forbidden acts from this model, then the model will become totally inadequate according to the facts of morality or to the necessity of the law respectively. In my opinion, the fivefold model of duty in Islam is the best model to judge actions and to answer the original question: what ought to be done? And here we see what is really distinctive about the relationship between law and ethics in Islam is that they conjoin to make the perfect model that humanity has been in search of since the time of Socrates. Both law and ethics in Islam deal with obligations, human character, and righteous actions. Allah (s.w.t.) sent down in the Quran a corpus of commandments and rules that identify the obligations of human beings. The collection of these obligations is the first and biggest source of law in Islam. These obligations shape the human character as well, and guide him towards righteous actions. Righteous actions come under the studies of normative action in ethics which is basically a practical science and less of a theoretical science. However, Islamic law transacts with human action within two domains-the theory and the practice. What is important here is to distinguish whether the Islamic law forms the heart of Islamic ethics or is it the opposite case. What I found from the readings is that the Islamic law is a heart inside another heart, which is the Islamic ethics, and vice versa. Both of them are interlinked to the point that they can never be separated or dealt with individually. Yo u need one to complete the other. There are many non-Islamic notions of law and morality. We will first take a look at the theory of positivism that asks for separating law from morality. The theory claims that law is not a code of morality and that legal obligation should be apart from the moral ones. However, in Islam, Sharia consists equally of law and morality. Secondly, the idea that started in the west first and has now spread worldwide is the notion of separating religion from the state. It argues that the state should have its rules and law distinctive from religion. The obligation in this case is to the law of the state. The law of the state mostly is man-made and is known as positive law. This notion cannot work in the Islamic world unless Islamic law and ethics step aside. Islamic law and ethics is not only a few obligations like prayers and fasting, but a law for life that guides the human acts and conduct in every aspect and involves total submission to God. In general, many people think that law controls the people. However law, while being very important, is not enough by itself to control human life. On the other hand, ethics, if understood deeply, can control the lives of people and lead them to happiness. The truly just and virtuous society is the one that is based on conscience and ethics before looking at the law. The ethical responsibility is more inclusive than the legal one. Furthermore, ethics are stable and immutable but law can be changed and modified according to the legislations. Also ethics control ones internal conduct whereas law dictates the external behavior. Additionally, in ethics people do self-examination and in law, the legal supremacy is the examiner and calls people to account. Therefore, if society builds only on law, it cannot reach its true potential. Law is essential, but, the real significance belongs to ethics. Therefore in Islam, both ethics and law compose the commandments which refer to the requirement s of Quran and Hadith, and they jointly constitute the Sharia which is important in our contemporary time. Thus, from the Islamic perspective, both law and ethics are equally important to lead the human life to the ultimate happiness. Finally, it can be said that although Islamic law and ethics are well-matched, a few recommendations need to be followed to make it well equipped to tackle contemporary issues in medical law and bioethics. In order to deal with this, I highly recommend the establishment of an International Islamic Medical Law and Bioethical Academy. Secondly, since many medical and bioethical issues are still subject to scholarly debate, therefore it requires further detailed research in the light of medical research and Sharia rulings. Thirdly, I encourage introducing Islamic medical law and bioethics into the syllabi of different institutes teaching the health care sciences, and incorporating it into the curriculum at graduate and postgraduate level. Thus, Islamic law and Islamic ethics stand together as an important instance of a moral and legal theory that composes an attractive ideal for all of human life.

SOCIETYS NEED FOR THE REGISTRATION OF HANDGUNS :: essays research papers

Society’s Need for the Registration of Handguns   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guns are an instrument that even the most careful of people could do harm with. Gun owners should go to firearm safety classes so they will be educated on proper handling and storage of the gun. While this should only be voluntary, something should be done to insure that guns are only sold to people who have a safe background and are of age. Congress should mandate the registration of handguns in order to keep criminals from possessing guns, to cut back on violence in the home, and to avoid accidental or intentional violence among children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Government today is putting forth much effort in order to control the purchase and registration of handguns. In 1993, Congress approved the Brady Bill that requires a mandatory five-day waiting period when buying a gun. The recent school shootings have pushed Congress to pass a bill requiring approximately 80% of handguns to be produced with child safety locks. The ultimate goal of the government is to ban the sale of firearms to the public. By starting out small, and having big goals, later generations will enjoy peaceful lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s world, guns used in the home for protection purposes are becoming more of a danger than an object of security. They have taken over the interest of everyone who thinks they are in danger. Even with the protection of a handgun, statistics show that crimes are still being committed. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics â€Å"an average of only about 65,000 defensive uses of guns each year compared to the more than 800,000 crimes committed with guns† (Mcdowell 1982-84). Guns are a danger in the household if marital disputes and domestic violence are present. If a gun is a readily available object then the chances of it being used to let out anger and frustration instead of self-protection is great. Mercy Saltzman reports that â€Å"having a gun in the home also increases the risk that incidents of domestic violence will result in homicide.† He goes on to point out â€Å"family and intimate assaults involving firearms are twelve times more likely to result in death than non-firearm related assaults† (Saltzman 3043-47). In lieu of these statements, one can see the present danger in keeping a firearm in a household.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another reason to mandate the registration of handguns is because guns and criminals are not a healthy combination.

Provides the following

A Study Guide, which provides the following: a. An orientation of each chapter, along with an outline of the important topics being addressed. B. Sample problems for the student to complete, with the worked-out solutions. C. Self-test questions (true/false and multiple choice) with answers. D. A tutorial on understanding the internal rate of return. E. An In-depth self-teaching supplement on capital-budgeting techniques. 2. Companion Website online study gulled for the student Includes true/false, multiple hooch, and short answer quizzes for each chapter.From my. Prenatal. Com/shown students can also access the Internet exercises, current events articles with questions, and Excel spreadsheets for the end-of-chapter problems. For the teacher: 1. A Test Item File provides more than 1600 multiple-choice, true/false, and short- answer questions with complete and detailed answers. It is designed for use with the Prentice Hall Custom Test, a computerized package that allows users to custom design, save, and generate classroom exams. 2. Companion Website provides academic support for faculty adopting this text.From the www. Prenatal. Com/shown text website, you can download supplements and lecture aids such as instructor's manuals, lecture notes, Powering presentations, problems and case solutions, and chapter outlines. Register online or call your Prentice Hall sales representative to get the necessary surname and password to access these detail supplements or contact Prentice Hall Sales directly at 3. Powering lecture notes. These Powering graphics provide individual lecture outlines to accompany Foundations of Finance.These lectures are class tested and can be used as is or easily modified to reflect your specific presentation needs. 4. Color transparencies for the primary chapters of the text, including a brief overview of the chapter, some of the exhibits in the text, and example problems that are useful in lectures. 5 Excel spreadsheet solutions to end-of-chapte r problems downloaded from www. Prenatal. Com/shown. For any teacher wanting information about the supplements, please contact the Prentice-Hall field representative for your area. Also, feel free to call any of the authors with any questions you may have.By calceolaria e. An in-depth self-teaching supplement on capital-budgeting techniques. 2. Companion Website online study guide for the student includes true/false, multiple choice, and short answer quizzes for each chapter. From www. Prenatal. Com/shown students can also access the internet exercises, current events articles with the necessary surname and password to access these digital supplements or contact Prentice Hall Sales directly at [email  protected] Com. 3. Powering as is or easily modified to reflect your specific presentation needs.

O Brother Where Art Thou essays

O Brother Where Art Thou essays In the film O Brother, Where Art Thou, the Cohen Brothers present to the audience a comedic adventure of three on-the-run jail mate hillbillies led by the hero, Ulysses Everett McGill (George Clooney), looking to reclaim a buried treasure. The story takes place back in the days of the Depression-era, Deep South around the 1920s in Mississippi. It is a comedy. The picture is filled with intellectual and witty satire, as well as twists and turns, humorously paralleling scenes and characters from Homers epic poem The Odyssey. In the movie, the Cohen Brothers use various elements to capture the attention of the audience. Just as any other directors attempt to do, they aim to draw the audience into the movie and catch the spirit of the southern, Mississippian, Depression-era hillbillies. In order to generate this affect, one of the key elements the Cohen Brothers use is language. More specifically, they use old-fashioned, southern idiomatic dialogue, which is not really used in todays contemporary dialogue. Yet, most are definitely familiar with it, which serves as the common base to carry out the affect. Just by listening to this southern-type language with its southern accents and all its slang, idioms, and euphemisms, the picture of vast countryside farms and cornfields, old-fashion cars, live-stock, dirt roads, and rednecks and hillbillies in overalls with severe farmers tan instantly comes to mind. Thus, everything becomes more of a reality. However, more importantly, with a whole lot of fresh w itty intellectual satire, there are plenty of laughs through this southern dialogue, which serve as the whole point of making the movie. It is a comedy. Of course the task was not plain and simple. The Cohen Brothers did their research. Throughout the entire picture, there are a countless number of slang phrases, idioms, and euphemisms used. Of course there ar ...

Jared Diamond versus Charles Mann on the Sophistication of Metalwork Essay Example

Jared Diamond versus Charles Mann on the Sophistication of Metalwork Essay Example Jared Diamond versus Charles Mann on the Sophistication of Metalwork Essay Jared Diamond versus Charles Mann on the Sophistication of Metalwork Essay Jared Diamonds theory in his book Guns, Germs and Steel states that the Europeans were able to conquer the Natives because of their favorable geography, a key factor that lent itself to the manufacturing of steel and which Charles Mann, author of 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, also discusses in detail.Both Diamond and Mann agree that the centuries of experience in making steel weaponry in Eurasia gave the Spanish conquistadors an advantage over the Natives in combat; however, Diamond claims that the Europeans had an upper hand because their metal work was more sophisticated, whereas the Natives were merely stuck in the bronze age, (3) for which he discredits their advancements in metal technology.On the contrary, Mann contends that the Natives metal work was more advanced than their European counterparts (3), and that the indigenous societies may not have had steel for weapons, but [they] did highly sophisticated work with other metals (3). Although Europeans had more experience in working with metal, and in developing different techniques in manufacturing metal that seemed more refined, Mann argues in 1491 that the Natives techniques and use for metal was not nearly as primitive as what Diamond presumes in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel.Diamond argues that the Europeans conquered the Natives because of superior metal technology. A close examination shows Manns argument that the Natives metal techniques undermines Diamonds argument that the Europeans had superior metal techniques. To understand the main differences between these two authors, one should examine the specific points before considering their different views on the specific metalworking techniques in the respective cultures.The Europeans had steel and Indians did not, which has led some researchers, Diamond among them, to argue that Indian metallurgy essentially [did not] exist (2). After all, they didnt have the steel axe, (1) Diamond says in the national geographic movie adapted from his book. The Europeans borrowed innovative techniques from steel manufacturers in the Fertile Crescent to build swords, or rapiers, and guns.Judging by his point of view, Diamond presumes that at the time of arrival of the Europeans the new world societies had just begun making bronze artifacts and had not started making iron (Diamond 259). Diamond stresses the crudeness of the Incas metalwork and the tools. He then contends that the Incas used metal for almost nothing useful (3). The term useful can have many implications, but in this case Diamonds definition of useful is using metal to make a device that is going to allow subjugation.Diamond believes that a culture should [seek] to optimize metals hardness, strength, toughness, and sharpness' to make weaponry (3). Diamonds research led him to believe that because the Natives had not developed lethal weapons made of optimize[d] (3) metal, the Natives were far inferior to the Europeans. Diamond discred its any advancements in Native metalwork because he believes that the Natives were not advanced, and only squandering their resources. In his book 1941, Mann believes that the Natives techniques in working the metal were far superior in comparison with the Europeans.He says that Incas metallurgy was as refined as European metallurgy, if not more, but it had such different goals that until recently scientists had not even recognized it as a technology (3). Mann explains the misconception that researchers, namely Diamond, are guilty of asserting: the fact that the Europeans used metal to conquer overshadowed the Natives advances, because they used metal for more practical things. Mann then says that unlike the Europeans, the Natives by contrast, valued plasticity, malleability, and toughness (2).Whereas the Europeans used metal as a symbol of wealth, power, and community affiliation (2), the Natives used it for practical tool making. It is important to look at the specific techniques involved in metalworking in the respective cultures to determine who, either Diamond or Mann, is more convincing. Diamonds account stated that European metalworkers created metal objects by pouring molten alloys into shaped molds (2). Diamond says that rapiers, represented a high point in a very sophisticated metalworking technology.There are many different qualities needed in a sword that the Europeans had to consider: First of all, the metal had to be hard enough to take a sharp edge, and that requires steel that is iron infused with carbon, and the more carbon one puts into the iron, then the harder the metal will be. But if it is too hard, then it will be brittle, and that would not work because when someone would hit someone else with his sword, then the sword would break (3). The Europeans also had to consider pliability as a factor, because an ability to bend and spring back into shape was important in combat (3).Diamond argued that it took centuries of experimentation for th e Spanish to perfect the techniques needed to make the deadly rapier, and he concluded that the budding metal mongers(Diamond 97) had nowhere near the experience necessary to build these kind of weapons. In contrast to Diamonds ideas about the use of metal, Mann argues that the Natives were far ahead of the Europeans when it came to working with the metal; and given the right resources, the Natives could have easily beaten the Europeans in combat.The Natives knew about the European technique of pouring molten alloys into shaped molds (2), but they vastly preferred to hammer metal into thin sheets, form the sheets around molds, and solder the results (2). The Incas employed metallurgical processes such as alloying, casting, cloisonni? , hammering, incrustation, inlay, repoussi? , riveting, smelting, and soldering (2). In 1941, Mann calls their work remarkable by any standard (Mann 143) and describes a bust he found that was less than an inch tall but made of twenty-two separate fasti diously joined gold plates.Mann believes that researchers underestimate the ingenuity that the Natives had in manipulating metal. It is evident that Mann is telling the reader not to disregard the advances made by the Natives in metal just because they are not innovative weapons. The natural inclination is to think in a broad sense that whoever wins the war has better technology. Especially since the Europeans were so outnumbered by the Incas, there had to be a reason why at such a disproportion in numbers the Europeans were able to conquer them.Mann argues that the Natives skills with metal were a cut above the Europeans, and that the Natives could have made better weapons than the Europeans if that is what they were trying to do. Europeans demonstrated expertise in making swords and whereas the Natives focused on more pragmatic applications of their resources. He warns the reader not lose sight of the fact that when the Europeans were pouring metal into molds, the Natives had alre ady accomplished this feat and had moved on to more sophisticated techniques.Both Diamond and Mann acknowledge that the Europeans used centuries of experience to manufacture steel to make deadly weapons. Diamonds contention that the Europeans were more advanced is more appealing to the reader because it is the more intuitive answer. The reader is naturally inclined to choose the Europeans as the superior workers in metal because of their exposure to other cultures advancements and favorable geography; however, Diamonds underestimation of the Natives takes away from his argument because he dismisses anthropological evidence.Diamond makes the point in his book that the there was no shortage of copper, tin, silver and gold in the mountains of the Andes, but then he disbelieves the Natives ability to find value in the metal and use it to their advantage. Manns argument is more convincing because he acknowledges and he gives specific examples that support his opinion that the Natives met alwork stressed functional and utilitarian design (2). What the issue eventually involves is what one views as technology.Clearly, Diamond is holding the Natives and colonists to a higher standard than the Europeans held many years ago and what Mann holds today. Mann says technology refers to any application of a systematic technique, method, or approach for practical purposes (3). He argues that colonial accounts suggest that Europeans then viewed technology in these broad termsand that they were impressed by what they saw in Native American hands; and that to the first European visitors, the encounter with Indians was much more like a meeting of equals than is commonly taught today (3).In summary, Diamond and Mann agree that the weaponry in Eurasia allowed the conquistadors to conquer the Inca; however, they are strongly divided in identifying which culture is more advanced as far as metal working techniques, in addition to the cultures main influences and uses of metallurgy. Mann believes that the Natives metalwork manifests a high degree of sophistication, and that the European efforts to come up with different techniques were not nearly as advanced.Diamond believes that the European techniques were more advanced, and he attributes this to the centuries of experience from the Fertile Crescent. Mann and Diamond both present convincing arguments, and it is difficult to determine who is more convincing, since both have valid points. The issue comes down to whether the Natives or the Europeans were more advanced in metalwork. Judging by both arguments, Manns case is more convincing because he provides great support by directly comparing the ways that each culture manipulated metal, which showed that the Natives had more advanced and sophisticated techniques.Literature Cited(1) www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/show/transcript2.html (2) www.threemonkeysonline.com/threemon_article_ancient_americans_charles_ mann_interview.htm(3) www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles /2005/09/04/Native_ingenuity/?page=full(4) pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/show/episode2.html(5) 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus by: Charles C. Mann(6) Germs, Guns, and Steel by: Jared Diamond

Knowledge Management and Information Strategy Coursework

Knowledge Management and Information Strategy - Coursework Example A review of literature on the factors that influence success and failure of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) implementation projects is conducted. This is followed by a summary of the crucial managerial and technological factors that support a successful performance of KMS implementation project. To understand this issue better, the paper derives qualitative data on National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) related to the subject matter. NTPC is an Indian power generation company and it is one example of firms that have implemented KMS recently. Content analysis is applied on the data and a detailed outline of the implementation approach undertaken by this company is given. The challenges encountered during the process, the technology adopted and the benefits derived from the project are also examined. The analysis of this company finds that the KMS project has encountered numerous challenges and its return to the company can be termed as average. It emerged that some of the challe nges have emerged from failure to incorporate some of the crucial factors in the implementation process such as the use of motivational aids. The company needs to incorporate all crucial factors in the implementation process and to find strategies to minimize or overcome the challenges in order to increase value of the project. With the rapidly changing business world organizations are finding it necessary to leverage on KM in a way that any new knowledge is shared across the organization and stored for future use. The concept has gained prominence since the mid 1990s following the work of Peter Drucker. Knowledge is being viewed as a key resource in business for economic growth by developing a competitive edge. Fernandez and Sabherwal (2010, p. 56) defined KM as doing what is needed to get the most out of knowledge resources. KM involves enhancing knowledge creation and sharing it within organization and

International Marketing w6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Marketing w6 - Essay Example aba College of technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria, wrote an article on environmental perception in bank marketing strategies during the period of December 2009. In this article, the author has addressed environmental factors that impact on strategic marketing practices. According to his work, environmental issues such as technology in banking, government policy, and economic factors influence the banking industry in diverse ways. His particular focus hinges on the introduction of computer technology into the banking services in the country and all over the world. He further reviews how government policies impact on the acquisition and involvement in the technological developments within the country. In a nutshell, the article captures the environmental variables that have affected the strategic marketing moves of major banking businesses. He further asserts that the rate of technological alterations and the nature of the heated competition for the control of the clientele base form the most important aspects that influence organizational strategies in international business (Linus 2009, 1). From the above article it can be noticed that technological changes do affect the conduct of businesses in a big way. As it emerges, the banking system has been faced with this concern. It becomes upon the players in the banking sector to adopt the new innovations like the introduction of computer banking. It is however an optional issue unlike the legal requirements. One major consideration in such case is the motivation to remain in business (Khandwalla 1997, 55). If any bank aspires to remain in business or retain its market control, then the top management should be under no illusions. It should seek ways to introduce the technology or lag behind and lose out to potential competitors. Another reflection that arises is the fact that the business environment remains very dynamic. In light of this, it is the duty of the business entities’ managements to be on the look out for

The power of Media within Sports Industry Research Paper

The power of Media within Sports Industry - Research Paper Example â€Å"Every piece of fur is the result of horrific cruelty. Animals trapped for their fur can suffer for hours or days in body-gripping traps, chewing through their own feet in a desperate attempt to escape. More than four million wild animals are trapped and killed each year in the United States by commercial and recreational trappers alone.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"(The Cruelty of Fur Trim) The way human beings treat animals is certainly beyond the pale, animals are ruthlessly killed to please the taste buds of certain human beings who consume them on a regular basis, the slaughter that takes place is very painful for the helpless animals, the pain inflicted upon them is very hard to see but very little has been done to counter it. There are organizations fighting for animal rights but those organizations are not as active as they should be. This paper will throw light upon the views of Catharine A. Mackinnon and Elizabeth Anderson on how animals are being treated; both their views will be juxta posed to bring out the real essence of their respective arguments. â€Å"Each year, in China, millions of dogs and cats are cruelly killed by bludgeoning, hanging and slow strangulation with wire nooses and their fur turned into trim and trinkets. Chinese fur is often deliberately mislabeled so that it will be bought by unsuspecting customers around the globe.† (China’s Gold Medal for Cruelty). Catharine A. Mackinnon has a very feminist view on the exploitation of animals, she compares the state of animals to the state of women, she thinks that women and animals are both exploited and have more similarities than one. She claims that animals are treated like women and women like animals, this again goes to show the sheer exploitation of both women and animals. She goes on to say that women are as badly treated as animals, she is aghast when she makes this comparison and she is right in many ways, women are still being exploited in some areas of the world and so are anim als. â€Å"People dominate animals, men dominate women.† (Animal Rights, P277) The author sheds light upon how women and animals are being dominated in our society. She throws light upon the inequality that prevails in our society. The author brings out an excellent ideology; the suppression of both women and animals is because they are considered inferior, women are exploited because they are considered biologically weaker, animals are exploited because they are considered much inferior to the human race, the exploitation is purely based on the ideology of inferior and superior, a superior being starts believing that it is his right to suppress the inferior, the same has been highlighted by the author. The author is labeled to be a feminist because she talks about the male ideology and brings out the similarities in animals and women. â€Å"Qualities considered human and higher are denied to animals as qualities considered masculine and higher are denied to women.† (A nimal Rights, P278) The lesser humanity of women is conceded by men and they call women animal names like chick, bunny, bitch and so on, this again points to the inferior nature of women in the society, animals are lower than humans is also a presumption which with several human beings live with. The author also talks about the ridiculous ways in which both women and animals are exploited, rats are put in the vagina of women and it is thought that the rat would suffer

Nazism vs. Fascism Essay Example for Free

Nazism vs. Fascism Essay R.Q.: To what extent were the German and Italian regimes under Hitler and Mussolini Totalitarian? i. Why? With this research I want to discover whether Hitler and Mussolini transformed Germany and Italy, respectively into Totalitarian regimes. In my discretion this played a major role when looking at traditions, respectability of countries and reputations of countries. Such emotions can also trigger wars, as we so in WWII. Initially, I feel that Dictatorships having absolute power over a country can cause many inconveniences for the citizens of it. Hence, I want to understand their motives and ambitions. Also, I figure that this is a very important time period in which milestones and new dimensions have been opened. Thirdly, I decided on this topic because I am a German citizen, who is naturally interested in the background and history of ones father country. ii. What? I am going to use a series of books written in different time periods by different writers from different countries. This shows a certain scope of viewpoints, which makes the answer to this question more objective. I am also going to use the Internet as one research option of my internal assessment. iii. I planned my essay. This can be seen in the appendix, 1) Essay Plan. This plan shows how I am going to attempt to accomplish my Task i. Define Nazism a. Nazism is the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the National Socialist German Workers Party in the Third Reich including the totalitarian principle of government, state control of all industries, predominance of groups assumed to be racially superior, and supremacy of the Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrer1. ii. Define Fascism a. Fascism is a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition2. iii. Define Totalitarian a. Totalitarian is defined as of or relating to centralized control by an autocratic leader or hierarchy. Of or relating to a political regime based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of the life and productive capacity of the nation especially by coercive measures (as censorship and terrorism)3 iv. All these definitions above are essential in order to understand how totalitarianism is initially linked with Nazism and Fascism. These terms, Nazism Fascism and Totalitarianism have all got the subordination of the individual to the state and the control of mind etc. of the individual in common. The difference between them, however is that Totalitarian is purely a term describing a situation, a current state of something. Nazism and Fascism on the other hand, describe an ideology that developed over centuries and eventually ruled a country. When we are looking at these definitions, we discover, that both ideologies have a feature of totalitarianism innate. Therefore, initially we would say that they the states, Germany and Italy, both are totalitarian because the autocracy by which they are ruled is totalitarian. This must mean that the people believe in it because they elected this system of government, and hence the system must be totalitarian. This, however, is debatable. In the ongoing lines I will question the above statement by looking closer at the two ideologies and how they became elected. i. Discrimination of Minorities a. Germany i. Minorities, such as Jews, Blacks, Gypsies and women were discriminated widely. Anything not of Aryan derivation, was inferior. Women, for example, were expected to behave just like K,K,K-meaning Kinder, Kirche, Kà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½che. Translated, Children, Church, Kitchen. In other words, they were expected to have as many children as possible to expand the Aryan race, support the religion and cook well. Jews, of course, were treated the worst, i.e.: concentration camps. b. Italy i. Fascist Policy towards women was condescending. Women were not put equal to men. It was also anti-urban and anti-consumerist. There was birth control and additional taxes on unmarried. This, in a way, was similar to Nazi Germany, where there were incentives to bear as many children as possible. It aimed to promote the superior race. Fascist policy was at the beginning not racially concerned. However, when relations with Germany improved, Mussolini adopted some anti-foreign steps. This aimed to give the people a feeling of superiority over other nations and should promote the will to fight for the cause of the nation. Employment conditions for female workers were restricted. They were excluded from several workplaces. ii. Church a. Germany i. Germany was almost entirely a Christian country. Hitler realised this and did not underestimate the power the church, as a single institution, could have on the peoples minds. Therefore, he knew it would not be wise to attack the church during his campaigns. Hence, he made an agreement with the church, the Concordat, which granted the church religious freedom. This, however was only superficially. In reality, any member of the church speaking bad about Hitler or his party, NSDAP, was prosecuted or sent to a concentration camp. Even Church schools were influenced by Hitler; the bible was replaced by Mein Kampf and the cross by the swastika. b. Italy i. In Italy the church played a more important role than in Germany because of the Pope and the Vatican being situated in Italy. Hence, Mussolini tried, after 1922 when coming to power, to include the church as much as possible in the fascist state in order to stabilise and ensure power for his party, PNF. Catholicism was also seen as a possible threat to the emerging fascist state. Hence, a concordat was attempted to improve church-state relations. Catholicism was considered the religion of most Italians, which was so deeply rooted in Italian life that could directly endanger the position of the fascist might. iii. Education a. Germany i. Education in Germany was largely controlled by the Nazis. The main subjects were history, biology and physical education. All of course indoctrinated and altered to shine a good light on the Nazi party and its style of rule. Special schools were build for the most talented. This meant that from a very young age onwards, children in Germany were focused on the Nazi ideology, similar to the Youths, which I will talk about in the next paragraph. b. Italy i. Education was focused on Fascist ideas and ideology. Children were educated in physical education and military training. These are just examples to illustrate what Mussolini wanted to achieve. iv. Youths a. Germany i. Various youths existed in Nazi Germany, all aiming to control the mind of German children. Hitler once described his views concerning the purpose of youths: When an opponent declares, I will not come your side, I calmly say: Your child belongs to us alreadyIn a short time, they will know nothing else but this community. These programs existed for boys and girls. Boys camps were more physical, preparing for war. Girls camps were aiming to make them strong to bear many healthy children. b. Italy i. From 1929 onwards, Mussolini focused more intensely on the control of children in his regime. He wanted to control them by education, which he stated as a right of the leading body in a totalitarian state. The Ministry of Public Instructions was changed to the Ministry of National education (ONB) in 1929. This new organisation provided pre-military training, drill and gym. All measures to convey a more aggressive and disciplined way of live. This program was even integrated into the school curriculum. Recruitment was thus made very easy and numerous. The Fascists wanted to create an Italy were there were young courageous men willing to fight for the cause of the nation. Their motto was: Believe, Obey, Fight. This displays exactly what Mussolini was after. Especially during the great depression, Mussolini tried to give his people a cause to believe in. He created groups or fixed mass meeting so that the people would experience a way of unity. v. Propaganda a. Germany i. Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany was Goebbels. He was an able man, with enormous aims. Not only wanted he the people to accept the regime. He wanted them to capitulate to them, grasping the ideology. He, for the first time in history, effectively made use of the radio and press. He seized control over both. By 1932 less then 25% of the population owned a radio. Hence, he made provisions for producing cheap sets of wireless radios. He called it the Volksempfà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nger, translated, nation-receptionist. The press seemed harder to control. The Nazi publisher-Eher Verlag-bought many of the 4,700 existing newspapers. Goebbels held a daily press conference and eventually, the Editors Law, made the seizure of the press complete. Via the radio, the Aryan race was emphasized. Jewish music was not played. People were constantly bombed with Nazi propaganda, their ideology. b. Italy i. Mussolini wanted to create an image of the new Italian. This image should be aggressive and patriotic. He also used heroic figurers from the wars to illustrate the alleged superiority of the Italian nation. vi. Police State a. Germany i. The party seemed to be well organized and structured. Hitler himself, however, rejected any document work. Now the question appears, how it was so sufficient? The answer is that a powerful force was acting behind the scenes. This force was the army. It consisted of the SS, short for Schutz-Staffel, the SA, short for Sturm-Abteilung, the Gestapo, known for its brutality and later the SD, Sicherheitsdienst, the party internal police force. All these acted in order to maintain or restore order. The SS was once created to be Hitlers personal bodyguard. It evolved to be a unit with incredible power over, economic, political and social matters. It turned out to be an extremely useful tool for Hitler. b. Italy i. The military was also guaranteed a supreme status in Italy. However, the German army had become a political power whereas the Italian had not. After the death of Hindenburg, Hitler was able to benefit from an exclusive oath. Mussolini never had such an opportunity under the still existing Monarchy. The Italian Military acted with divided loyalties. The Italian army did not face any threats form party-army-type organizations, as opposed to the German SS and SA. vii. Power of the Leader a. Germany/Italy i. Both, der Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrer and il duce, were charismatic and ambitious men. They had a set aim which they wanted to achieve no matter what the cost was. They managed to elate masses so that they would virtually believe anything they said. These are, among others, characteristics a strong Leader must have in order to be successful. Hitler was not only appointed chancellor but became President after Hindenburgs death. He also appointed himself Chief-Commander of all armed forces. This gave him the mere control over many bodies. i. Weigh factors against each other a. Germany vs. Italy ii. Conclusion a. When looking back at my research and all the information I collected during it, I think it is fair to say that both ideologies and those implementing it, transformed the respective countries to a large extent into totalitarian regimes. Although, I would say that this phenomena did not occur in the conventional way. By definition, a totalitarian regime controls every aspect of life. When looking at the moment they came to power and the day they left, a great difference in many senses can be seen. Especially, when looking at how they controlled the peoples minds. Propaganda, Force, Speeches, youths and discrimination are all factors, which increased their influence. This integrated so quickly into the respective countries roots, so that it was inevitable that people would eventually believe what they heard. They would also obey by it because they the how brutal their measures could be. Power conveyed and achieved by force was one feature in these regimes. The other means was propaganda. New technology, new innovations enabled them to convey their messages and slogans whenever they wanted. They could also reach every member of their community. They not only controlled adults. One of their ideas was to transform the young so that their ideology would be carried further with the next generation. 1 http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionaryva=Nazism 2 http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionaryva=fascism 3 http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionaryva=totalitarian